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This is a post about all the digital nomad visas in Europe.

All Digital Nomad Visas in Europe: The Complete Guide 2025–2026

Europe is the world’s most varied region for remote workers, freelancers and entrepreneurs. Some countries offer dedicated digital nomad visas while others run freelancer or self-employed permits that work almost the same way. This guide lists all the digital nomad visas in Europe plus key freelancer and self-employed alternatives in alphabetical order for easy reference. I do have a full list of 66 digital nomad visas around the world that we posted a few months back but new countries are always announcing new visas. I’ll be updating that shortly but, in the meantime, here’s the updated list of all digital nomad visas in Europe right now.

As always, please remember to check OFFICIAL SOURCES such as consulate and embassy websites. They’ll always have the most up-to-date information. And, if they don’t have it on the website, just get in touch with them for the latest official information.

Quick Guide to Digital Nomad Visas in Europe

Digital Nomad Visa = Purpose-built visa or residence permit for remote workers employed abroad
Freelancer/Self-Employed Permit = Long-standing residence category for those with foreign or local clients
Most require proof of income, health insurance and a clean criminal record
Many allow dependents

As I’ve shared in many posts around this website about the digital nomad lifestyle, if this is something you’re interested in, I highly recommend this book by seasoned digital nomad Kayla Ihrig! For both inspiration and guidance.

Digital Nomad Visas in Europe

Albania Unique Permit for Remote Workers

Remote workers and entrepreneurs can apply for a Type D visa and then the Unique Permit which functions as a combined residence and work authorisation. Applicants show steady remote income and health insurance. The permit is issued for one year and can be renewed up to five years. Family members can join with proof of means. Applications start online or at Albanian consulates. Staying more than 183 days may trigger tax residency.

• Visa type: Unique Permit for Remote Workers
• Minimum income: varies, show steady remote income and bank statements
• Length: 1 year
• Renewals: yes, up to 5 years total
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: online e-services or at an Albanian consulate

Andorra Digital Nomad Residence

Andorra created a residence route under Decree 212/2023 for location-independent workers serving foreign clients. Applicants provide proof of sufficient funds, accommodation and insurance. Residence is multi-year and renewable when conditions remain met. Dependents can join. Applications start with the Ministry of Economy for pre-approval then move to Immigration. Personal income tax is low but residency carries reporting obligations.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Residence
• Minimum income: varies, proof of sufficient funds and insurance
• Length: multi-year residence as issued
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Ministry of Economy pre-approval then Immigration

Croatia Temporary Stay for Digital Nomads

Croatia allows non-EU citizens who work remotely for companies outside Croatia to stay up to 12 months. Applicants must show income above a threshold indexed to the national average wage plus accommodation, insurance and a clean record. It is non-renewable in country but you can reapply after six months outside. Spouse and children can be included. Applications go through the Ministry of Interior online or at police stations. Approved holders are exempt from Croatian income tax on foreign earnings during the permitted stay.

• Visa type: Temporary Stay for Digital Nomads
• Minimum income: indexed to Croatian average wage, plan for a published HRK/EUR amount that adjusts yearly
• Length: up to 12 months
• Renewals: not in country, reapply after 6 months away
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: MUP online pre-check then in person or embassy

Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa

Cyprus offers a one-year visa for remote workers with foreign employers or freelance clients abroad. Applicants need at least €3,500 per month after tax and proof of accommodation and insurance. The visa can be renewed to a maximum of two or three years depending on issuance. Family members may accompany you but cannot work locally. Applications go through the Civil Registry and Migration Department. Tax residency can start at 183 days, though Cyprus has favourable non-dom rules.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Visa
• Minimum income: from €3,500 per month after tax
• Length: 1 year
• Renewals: yes, typically to 2–3 years total
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Civil Registry and Migration Department

Czechia Digital Nomad Program

Czechia’s Digital Nomad Program targets highly qualified IT and selected marketing professionals from a list of countries. Employees use intra-company transfer frameworks and contractors register a Czech trade license. The visa can lead to a residence permit. Income should match Czech benchmarks for skilled workers. Family is possible under standard rules. Apply by registering with the Ministry of Industry and Trade then filing a long-stay visa application. Contractors may trigger local tax and social security.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Program
• Minimum income: varies, tied to Czech wage benchmarks and contracts
• Length: long-stay visa then residence
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Ministry of Industry and Trade registration then consulate

Estonia Digital Nomad Visa

Estonia’s Digital Nomad Visa lets non-EU workers live in Estonia while working for a foreign company or clients. Plan to show a high monthly income consistent with Estonia’s guidance plus insurance and a clean record. You can apply for a C (short stay) or D (long stay) visa for up to 12 months total. Family members can apply separately. Applications are lodged at Estonian embassies or in Estonia with the Police and Border Guard Board.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Visa C/D
• Minimum income: commonly cited around €4,500 gross per month
• Length: up to 12 months total
• Renewals: no in-country extension beyond 12 months
• Dependents: possible via separate filings
• Apply: embassy or Police and Border Guard Board

Georgia Remotely from Georgia Visa

Georgia’s “Remotely from Georgia” programme was one of the earliest open remote-work visas in Europe. It lets remote workers and freelancers from 95+ countries live and work there without needing a work permit. You simply register online and show proof of sufficient income and insurance. There’s no fee. Stays can be up to one year and renewed by exiting and re-entering. Taxes are owed after 183 days but Georgia’s flat tax regime for small businesses is popular among freelancers. Family can accompany you.

• Visa type: Remotely from Georgia programme
• Minimum income: around US$2,000 per month or proof of savings
• Length: up to 1 year
• Renewals: can reapply after exit
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: simple online form on Georgia’s official portal

Greece Digital Nomad Visa

Greece offers a visa valid for up to 12 months and a two-year residence permit for remote workers. Applicants must earn at least €3,500 net per month plus more for dependents and show accommodation and insurance. Spouse and children can join. Applications go through the Greek consulate then Aliens and Immigration in Greece.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Visa then residence
• Minimum income: from €3,500 net per month, higher with dependents
• Length: 12-month visa, residence up to 2 years
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Greek consulate then local immigration office

Hungary White Card

Hungary’s White Card targets non-EU citizens working remotely for companies outside Hungary or freelancing for foreign clients. You need at least €3,000 per month for the previous six months plus insurance. It lasts one year and can be extended once to a maximum of two years. Generally, dependents are not attached to the card.

• Visa type: White Card
• Minimum income: at least €3,000 per month shown over 6 months
• Length: 1 year
• Renewals: extend once to 2 years total
• Dependents: generally no
• Apply: consulate or National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing

Iceland Long-Term Visa for Remote Work

Iceland offers a special long-term visa for remote workers from non-EU/EEA/EFTA countries who do not need a Schengen visa to enter. The stay is 90 to 180 days and not extendable back-to-back. The income requirement is high and updated periodically by the Directorate of Immigration. Family may be possible case by case.

• Visa type: Long-Term Visa for Remote Work
• Minimum income: high threshold set by Directorate of Immigration
• Length: 90–180 days
• Renewals: no back-to-back extensions
• Dependents: limited, case by case
• Apply: Directorate of Immigration in Iceland

Italy Digital Nomad Visa

Italy’s Digital Nomad Visa is for highly skilled remote workers and freelancers with foreign clients. Applicants need roughly €25,000–€30,000 per year plus insurance and a clean record. It is issued for one year and renewable while conditions are met. Dependents can join under family reunification. Apply at an Italian consulate then obtain a residence permit after arrival.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad/Remote Worker Visa
• Minimum income: roughly €25k–€30k per year
• Length: 1 year
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Italian consulate then questura for residence card

Latvia Remote Work Visa

Latvia grants a long-stay D visa to remote employees or self-employed tied to an OECD-registered company abroad. Applicants show high but unpublished income plus accommodation and insurance. The visa is valid for one year and extendable. Dependents can apply separately.

• Visa type: Remote Work D Visa
• Minimum income: varies, OECD employer or qualifying self-employment plus proof of means
• Length: 1 year
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: PMLP or Latvian embassy

Malta Nomad Residence Permit

Malta’s Nomad Residence Permit allows remote workers, freelancers and owners of companies registered abroad to live in Malta for one year. Applicants need €42,000 gross per year plus accommodation, insurance and a clean record. It is renewable while conditions remain met. Family can join. Malta typically taxes Malta-source and remitted foreign income only subject to status.

• Visa type: Nomad Residence Permit
• Minimum income: €42,000 gross per year
• Length: 1 year
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Residency Malta Agency portal

Montenegro Temporary Residence for Digital Nomads

Montenegro offers a temporary residence permit for remote employees and freelancers with income from outside Montenegro. Income requirements are published by the Interior Ministry at filing. Permits are issued for one year and extendable to two. Close family can join.

• Visa type: Temporary Residence for Digital Nomads
• Minimum income: varies per official guidance at filing
• Length: 1 year
• Renewals: yes, typically up to 2 years
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Ministry of Interior regional office

Portugal Digital Nomad Visa D8

Portugal’s D8 visa covers both remote employees and freelancers with foreign clients. Applicants need roughly €3,300–€3,500 per month and proof of accommodation, insurance and a clean record. Choose a short-term visa up to 12 months or the residence track that can lead to permanent residence after five years. Family can join under reunification.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Visa D8
• Minimum income: roughly €3,300–€3,500 per month
• Length: up to 12 months or residence
• Renewals: yes, residence renewable and can lead to PR after 5 years
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Portuguese consulate then AIMA in Portugal

Romania Digital Nomad Visa

Romania grants a one-year visa renewable to employees or freelancers earning at least three times the national average gross wage. Applicants need proof of foreign contracts, insurance and accommodation. Family can join. Applications run through Romanian consulates or the e-visa portal.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Visa
• Minimum income: about €3,800 per month equivalent
• Length: 1 year
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Romanian consulate or e-visa portal

Serbia Announced Digital Nomad Visa (2025 launch, date TBC)

Serbia announced it will launch a Digital Nomad Visa in 2025 allowing remote workers to stay one year with the option to extend. Full details are still emerging but the plan is for non-EU nationals working remotely to show foreign income, accommodation and insurance. Taxes will be clarified but Serbia’s flat tax makes it attractive.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Visa (announced)
• Minimum income: TBA, likely aligned with Serbian average salary multiples
• Length: 1 year planned
• Renewals: expected
• Dependents: expected
• Apply: details to be published by Ministry of Labour and Interior

Slovenia Digital Nomad Visa (launching 21 November 2025)

Slovenia confirmed it will launch a dedicated Digital Nomad Visa in November 2025 for non-EU/EEA nationals who work for foreign employers or freelance clients. It is expected to be valid for one year with renewals possible. Applicants will need proof of income, accommodation and insurance. Full guidance will be published closer to launch.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Visa (launching)
• Minimum income: not yet published, likely benchmarked to Slovenian average wage
• Length: 1 year planned
• Renewals: likely
• Dependents: likely
• Apply: Slovenian embassies and online portal after launch

Spain Digital Nomad Visa

Spain’s visa covers remote employees, freelancers and founders. Applicants must earn around €2,750–€3,000 per month indexed to minimum wage and show qualifications or 3+ years of experience. Apply for a one-year visa or a three-year residence permit in country. Family can join.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Visa or 3-year residence
• Minimum income: about €2,750–€3,000 per month
• Length: 1 year visa or 3 years in country
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Spanish consulate or in country under Startup Law

Türkiye Digital Nomad Visa

Türkiye has a Digital Nomad Visa for remote workers aged roughly 21 to 55 from eligible countries. Applicants show baseline income, insurance and documentation. The visa leads to a short-term residence permit. Family can apply separately.

• Visa type: Digital Nomad Visa → short-term residence
• Minimum income: published baseline, verify at application
• Length: short-term residence as issued
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: possible
• Apply: Digital Nomad portal pre-approval then residence locally

Freelancer and Self-Employed Visas in Europe

Austria Red-White-Red Card Self-Employed Key Worker

Austria’s card is for non-EU nationals who present a business plan beneficial to the Austrian economy. It is issued for two years and renewable. Dependents are allowed. Apply through the Austrian embassy or MA35 in Vienna with a full plan and proof of means.

• Permit type: Self-Employed Key Worker (RWR Card)
• Minimum income: varies, must show viable plan and funds
• Length: 2 years
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Austrian embassy or MA35 with business plan

Belgium Professional Card

Belgium requires a Professional Card for non-EU nationals who want to be self-employed. You must show a viable business plan and sufficient means. Cards are valid up to five years and renewable. Family reunification follows normal residence rules. Apply via the regional authorities then for residence.

• Permit type: Professional Card
• Minimum income: varies, viable business plan and means
• Length: up to 5 years
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: regional authorities then residence permit

Czechia Freelancer/Trade License Route (beyond Digital Nomad IT Pilot)

Besides its new Digital Nomad Program for IT professionals Czechia has long offered a self-employed “Živnostenský list” trade license. Non-EU citizens can register a business or work as freelancers, then apply for a long-term visa and residence permit. Applicants must show client contracts, accommodation, insurance and sufficient funds to support themselves. It’s essentially a freelancer visa that can lead to longer-term residence and later permanent residence.

• Permit type: Long-Term Visa for Self-Employed / Trade License
• Minimum income: varies but should cover at least Czech minimum plus living costs
• Length: 1 year initially
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: register trade then apply for long-stay at Czech consulate

France Profession Libérale Visa

France’s visa is for self-employed or freelance professionals with a viable business plan and sufficient income at least around the minimum wage level. It is issued for one year, renewable and can lead to a multi-year residence card. Family can join.

• Permit type: Profession Libérale
• Minimum income: around French minimum wage or higher per plan
• Length: 1 year
• Renewals: yes, can lead to multi-year card
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: French consulate then prefecture

Germany Freelancer Visa Freiberufler

Germany’s freelancer visa covers a wide range of professions. Applicants show client letters, contracts and viable income to support living costs and demonstrate local demand. It is initially valid up to three years and renewable with a path to permanent residence. Family can join.

• Permit type: Freelancer Visa (Freiberufler)
• Minimum income: varies, show client contracts and ability to support costs
• Length: up to 3 years
• Renewals: yes, path to PR
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: embassy or local Ausländerbehörde

Ireland Self-Employment Routes

Ireland has no digital nomad visa but non-EU citizens can apply for permission to run a business or freelance under the Start-Up Entrepreneur Programme or Critical Skills plus self-employment. Income and investment requirements vary. Apply via INIS, then get residence permission.

• Permit type: varies by route
• Minimum income: varies by programme
• Length: typically 1–2 years
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: INIS depending on route

Lithuania and Slovakia Business Set-Ups

Both countries allow non-EU nationals to open companies and obtain residence permits tied to running that business. These are not dedicated digital nomad visas but can work similarly for freelancers and entrepreneurs. Requirements include registering a company, meeting capital or payroll rules and showing accommodation. Residence permits are typically one to two years and renewable.

• Permit type: company-based residence
• Minimum income: varies, capital or payroll thresholds apply
• Length: 1–2 years typical
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: register a company then apply for residence

Netherlands Self-Employed Residence Permit

The Netherlands offers a points-based system for entrepreneurs and freelancers. Applicants show a viable business plan, clients and income sufficient to support themselves. Residence permits are issued for two years and renewable leading to permanent residence. Family can join. Apply at IND.

• Permit type: Self-Employed Residence (ZZP)
• Minimum income: varies, points-based with viable income and clients
• Length: 2 years
• Renewals: yes, path to PR
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: IND with business plan and evidence

Norway Self-Employed / Remote Worker Option

Norway has no branded “digital nomad” visa but offers a self-employed residence permit to freelancers and entrepreneurs who can show Norwegian clients or contract work. Non-EU citizens can also stay under the Schengen 90-day limit visa-free, but for longer stays the self-employed permit applies. Applicants must show sufficient income and accommodation.

• Permit type: Self-Employed Residence
• Minimum income: varies, must show viable contracts and at least NOK-level living costs
• Length: 1–2 years
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI)

Poland Business Activity Visa

Poland lets non-EU nationals register a business and apply for a temporary residence permit tied to that business. You must show revenue, accommodation and insurance. Permits are one to three years and renewable. Family can join.

• Permit type: Business Activity Residence
• Minimum income: varies, show revenue and means
• Length: 1–3 years
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: set up business then apply for temporary residence

Slovakia Self-Employed Trade License Živnosť

Slovakia allows non-EU nationals to register a trade, show means and accommodation, and obtain residence. It suits freelancers who invoice clients. Permits run one to three years and are renewable. Family can join.

• Permit type: Self-Employed Trade License (Živnosť)
• Minimum income: varies, show means and accommodation
• Length: 1–3 years
• Renewals: yes
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: register trade then apply for residence

Switzerland B Permit Self-Employed

Switzerland allows freelancers or entrepreneurs to obtain a self-employed B permit if they show economic benefit to a canton and viable income. The permit is renewable yearly and can lead to a C permit after several years. Family can join. Apply at the cantonal migration office with a business plan and proof of funds.

• Permit type: Self-Employed B Permit
• Minimum income: varies, show viable income and economic benefit
• Length: typically 1 year at first
• Renewals: yes, path to C
• Dependents: yes
• Apply: cantonal migration office

Tips for Applying to Digital Nomad or Freelancer Visas in Europe

Here are some practical tips and things to keep in mind when planning your digital nomad life:

• Check official government websites before applying
• Income thresholds and requirements change frequently
• Budget for private health insurance to cover the entire stay
• Make sure your contracts clearly show you work for clients or employers outside the host country
• If you want to bring family prepare extra proof of income and housing
• Remember tax residency rules start at 183 days in most countries
• Combine a digital nomad visa with a self-employed option if you want to transition into long-term residence

Final Thoughts on Digital Nomad and Freelancer Visas in Europe

Europe offers more ways than anywhere else to work remotely, freelance or start a business while living abroad. Dedicated digital nomad visas like those in Portugal, Spain and Malta make it easy to get a foot in the door while freelancer visas in Germany or France can lead to long-term residence. By choosing the visa that matches your work style you can enjoy Europe’s cities, countryside and culture while maintaining your income from abroad.

TL;DR

Digital Nomad Visas in Europe

Country	Visa/Permit Name	Type	Min. Income Requirement	Length of Stay	Renewable	Dependents Allowed	How to Apply (short)
Albania	Unique Permit for Remote Workers	Digital Nomad	Show steady remote income and insurance	1 year	Yes, up to 5 years total	Yes	Online e-services or at Albanian consulate
Andorra	Digital Nomad Residence	Digital Nomad	Proof of sufficient funds and insurance	Multi-year residence per decree	Yes	Yes	Ministry of Economy pre-approval then Immigration
Croatia	Temporary Stay for Digital Nomads	Digital Nomad	Indexed to Croatian average wage	Up to 12 months	Not in-country, reapply after 6 months out	Yes	Online pre-check then submit to MUP or embassy
Cyprus	Digital Nomad Visa	Digital Nomad	From €3,500 per month after tax	1 year	Yes, up to 2–3 years total	Yes	Civil Registry and Migration Department
Czech Republic	Digital Nomad Program (IT professionals)	Digital Nomad	Based on Czech wage benchmarks and contracts	Long-term visa then residence	Yes	Yes	Register with Ministry of Industry and Trade then file long-stay
Estonia	Digital Nomad Visa (C/D)	Digital Nomad	Commonly cited €4,500 gross per month	Up to 12 months total	No in-country extension beyond 12 months	Possible via separate filings	Embassy or Police and Border Guard Board
Georgia	Remotely from Georgia Programme	Digital Nomad	About US$2,000/month or savings	Up to 1 year	Reapply after exit	Yes	Simple online form on Georgia’s portal
Greece	Digital Nomad Visa → Residence	Digital Nomad	From €3,500 net per month, higher with family	Visa up to 12 months	Yes, 2-year residence route	Yes	Greek consulate then Aliens and Immigration office
Hungary	White Card	Digital Nomad	At least €3,000 per month for the prior 6 months	1 year	Extend once to 2 years total	Generally no	Consulate or National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing
Iceland	Long-Term Visa for Remote Work	Digital Nomad	High threshold set by Directorate of Immigration	90–180 days	No	Limited case by case	Directorate of Immigration in Iceland
Italy	Digital Nomad/Remote Worker Visa	Digital Nomad	Roughly €25k–€30k+ per year	1 year	Yes	Yes	Consulate for visa then residence permit in Italy
Latvia	Remote Work Long-Stay (D)	Digital Nomad	OECD employer or qualifying self-employment and income	1 year	Yes	Yes	Apply via PMLP/embassy for D visa
Malta	Nomad Residence Permit	Digital Nomad	€42,000 gross per year	1 year	Yes	Yes	Residency Malta Agency online portal
Montenegro	Temporary Residence for Digital Nomads	Digital Nomad	Varies per Interior Ministry guidance	1 year	Yes, typically up to 2 years	Yes	Ministry of Interior regional office
Norway	Remote Work via Self-Employed Permit	Digital Nomad (alternative)	Varies, must show viable contracts and living costs	1–2 years	Yes	Yes	Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI)
Portugal	Digital Nomad Visa (D8)	Digital Nomad	Roughly €3,300–€3,500 per month	Up to 12 months or residence	Yes, can lead to PR after 5 years	Yes	Consulate for visa then AIMA residence card
Romania	Digital Nomad Visa	Digital Nomad	~€3,800/month	1 year	Yes	Yes	Consulate or e-visa portal with proof of foreign work
Serbia	Digital Nomad Visa (announced)	Digital Nomad	TBA, likely aligned with Serbian average salary multiples	Planned 1 year	Expected	Expected	Details to be published by Ministry of Labour and Interior
Slovenia	Digital Nomad Visa (launching late 2025)	Digital Nomad	Not yet published, likely benchmarked to average wage	Planned 1 year	Likely	Likely	Slovenian embassies and online portal after launch
Spain	Digital Nomad Visa/Residence	Digital Nomad	About €2,750–€3,000 per month	1 year visa or 3-year residence	Yes	Yes	Consulate or in-country under Startup Law
Türkiye	Digital Nomad Visa → Short-Term Residence	Digital Nomad	Published baseline income and documentation	Short-term residence	Yes	Possible	Pre-apply on Digital Nomad portal then file residence locally

Freelancer and Self-Employed Routes in Europe

Country	Visa/Permit Name	Type	Min. Income Requirement	Length of Stay	Renewable	Dependents Allowed	How to Apply (short)
Austria	Red-White-Red Card Self-Employed Key Worker	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Viable business plan and benefit to Austria	2 years	Yes	Yes	Apply to Austrian embassy or MA35 with business plan
Belgium	Professional Card (Self-Employed)	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Viable business plan, permits, proof of means	Up to 5 years	Yes	Yes	Apply via regional authorities, then residence
Czech Republic	Long-Term Visa for Self-Employed / Trade License	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Should cover at least Czech minimum plus living costs	1 year initially	Yes	Yes	Register trade then apply for long-stay at Czech consulate
France	Profession Libérale	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Business plan, projected income at least at minimum wage level	1 year	Yes, multi-year card later	Yes	Consulate for long-stay visa then prefecture
Germany	Freelancer Visa (Freiberufler)	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Client letters, viable income to support living costs	Up to 3 years	Yes, can lead to PR	Yes	Embassy or local Ausländerbehörde with portfolio and contracts
Ireland	Self-Employment Routes	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Varies by route eg STEP or Critical Skills	Typically 1–2 years	Yes	Yes	INIS depending on route, then residence permission
Lithuania	Business/Company Route	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Register a company, meet capital and payroll rules	1–2 years	Yes	Yes	Register company then apply for residence
Netherlands	Self-Employed Residence (ZZP)	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Points-based test, viable income and clients	2 years	Yes, leads to PR	Yes	IND application with business plan and evidence
Norway	Self-Employed Residence Permit	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Varies, show viable contracts and at least NOK-level living costs	1–2 years	Yes	Yes	Norwegian Directorate of Immigration (UDI)
Poland	Business Activity (Temporary Residence)	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Register sole proprietorship or company, show revenue	1–3 years	Yes	Yes	Set up business then apply for temporary residence
Slovakia	Self-Employed Trade License (Živnosť)	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Register trade, show means and accommodation	1–3 years	Yes	Yes	Trade license registration then residence
Switzerland	B Permit Self-Employed	Freelancer/Self-Employed	Show economic benefit to canton, viable income	1 year (B)	Yes, path to C	Yes	Apply at cantonal migration office with plan and proof

Launch dates
• Serbia: announced for 2025 but no fixed day/month published yet (Ministry says “during 2025”).
• Slovenia: confirmed launch 21 November 2025.

This is a post about all the digital nomad visas in Europe.